Thomas Matulessy, also known as Kapitan Pattimura or Ahmad Lussy or simply Pattimura, was an Ambonese soldier and National Hero of Indonesia.
Pattimura was born on 8 June 1783 in Saparua, Maluku; the name Pattimura was his pseudonym. His parents were Frans Matulessia and Fransina Tilahoi, and he had a little brother named Yohanis.
Pattimura joined the British army after they took the Maluku islands from the Dutch colonials. When the islands were returned to the Dutch in 1816, he was dismissed.
Concerned that the Dutch would implement programs that limited his people, Pattimura led an armed rebellion that captured Fort Duurstede on 16 May 1817.
Killing the inhabitants of the fortress and fighting off Dutch reinforcements, on 29 May he was declared the leader of the Maluku people.
Due to betrayal from Booi's king, Pati Akoon, and Tuanakotta, Pattimura was arrested on 11 November 1817.
He and his fellows were sentenced to death. On 16 December 1817, Pattimura together with Anthony Reebok, Philip Latumahina, and Said Perintah were hanged in front of Fort Nieuw Victoria in Ambon.
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Pattimura and his war have been used as symbols for both Maluku independence, such as with the short-lived Republic of South Maluku, and Indonesian patriotism.
In Ambon, he is commemorated in the names of the University of Pattimura, Pattimura Airport, and a street, as well as a statue; there are also streets named after him throughout the archipelago.
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