Martin Luther King, Jr., who emerged as the boycott movement's most efective leader, possessed unique conciliatory and oratorical skills.
He understood the larger significance of the boycott and quickly realized that the nonviolent tactics used by the Indian nationalist Mahatma Gandhi could be used by southern black.
"I had come to see early that the Christian doctrine of love operating through the Gandhian method of non-violence was one of the most potent weapons available to the Negro in his struggle for freedom," he explained.
Although Parks and King were members of the NAACP, the Montgomery movement led to the creation in 1957 of a new regional organization, the clergy-led Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) with King as its president.
King remained the major spokesperson for black aspirations, but, as in Montgomery, little-known individuals initiated most subsequent black movement.
On February 1, 1960, four freshmen at North Carolina Agricultural and Technical College began a wave of student sit-ins designed to end segregation at southern lunch counters.
These protests spread rapidly throughout the South and led to the founding, in April 1960, of the Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC).
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This student-led group, even more aggressive in its use of nonviolent direct than King's SCLC, stressed the development of autonomous SCLC's strategy of using local campaigns to achieve national civil rights reform.
(Adapted from http://www.history.com)
Terjemahan
Martin Luther King, Jr., yang muncul sebagai pemimpin gerakan boikot yang paling efektif, memiliki keterampilan berdamai dan berpidato yang unik.